About Fructose:

• It is a member of a group of carbohydrates known as simple sugars, or monosaccharides.
• It is one of the three most common natural monosaccharides. (The other two are glucose and galactose.)
• Chemical Formula: C₆H₁₂O₆ (same as glucose but with a different structure).
• Fructose is the most water-soluble monosaccharide.
• It is commonly known as fruit sugar. Fructose naturally occurs in fruits, vegetables, honey, sugar cane, and sugar beets.
• Fructose is significantly sweeter than glucose, making it ideal for use in beverages, desserts, and snacks.
• Fructose and glucose combine to form the disaccharide sucrose, which we know as common sugar/table sugar.
• However, fructose needs to be converted into glucose by the liver before it can be used by the body.
• Unlike other sugars, fructose does not require insulin to be absorbed and therefore has a low impact on blood glucose levels.

About Kulsi River:

• It is a south-bank tributary of the Brahmaputra River.
• Course:
  • It is composed of three rivers, namely Khri, Krishniya, and Umsiri, all of which originate from the West Khasi hill ranges of Meghalaya.
  • The river is known as Khri in the upper catchments, and after being joined by two other tributaries, namely Krishniya and Umsiri, within the Khasi hills in Meghalaya, it flows northwest and enters Assam at Ukium.
  • After that it flows north up to Kulsi village through the plains of the Kamrup District of Assam.
  • Finally, it outflows into the Brahmaputra near Nagarbera.
• It is considered one of the last refuges of the endangered Gangetic dolphin (Platanista gangetica gangetica) in Assam.

About Amchang Wildlife Sanctuary:

• It is located in the eastern fringe of Guwahati city in Assam.
• The sanctuary was formed by merging three reserve forest areas: South Amchang Reserve Forest, Amchang Reserve Forest, and Khanapara Reserve Forest.
• It stretches from the Brahmaputra River in the north to the hilly forests of Meghalaya in the south, forming a continuous forest belt through Meghalaya’s Maradakdola Reserve Forests.
• Vegetation: Khasi Hill Sal Forests, East Himalayan Mixed Deciduous Forest, Eastern Alluvial Secondary Semi-evergreen Forests, and East Himalayan Sal Forests.
• Flora: The forest is dominated by teak, white iris, axle wood, terminalia, wild java plum, elephant rope tree, beechwood, bitter champa, black dammer tree, cluster fig, and arjun trees.
• Fauna:
  • Among the mammals found here are Asian elephants, leopards, fishing cat, Asian palm civet, tadpole, different species of monkeys, gaur or Indian bison, sambar, barking deer, porcupines, mongooses, wild pigs, rabbit, flying squirrel, and otter.
  • It shelters both resident and migratory birds such a jungle fowl, doves, egrets, teals, partridges, woodpeckers, hornbills, kingfishers, bulbuls, and many others.
  • Tree yellow butterflies (gancana harina) are also found at the Amchang wildlife sanctuary. These butterflies are indigenous to Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore, and Northeast India.

About Glutathione:

• Glutathione is an antioxidant produced in the body through enzymatic reactions.
• It is a tripeptide consisting of three amino acids (glutamate, cysteine, and glycine) and is naturally produced in the liver.
• These amino acids that make up glutathione are non-essential amino acids that our body can produce on its own when needed.
• In addition to being produced naturally by the body, glutathione can be given intravenously, topically, or as an inhalant. It’s also available as an oral supplement in capsule and liquid form.
• Some of the most abundant food sources of glutathione include cabbage, Brussels sprouts, garlic, onions, broccoli, and cauliflower.
• Benefits:
  • Glutathione is often called the “master antioxidant” because of its crucial role in protecting and detoxifying cells.
  • It is involved in tissue building and repair, making chemicals and proteins needed in the body, and in immune system function.
  • It also can play a role in treating certain genetic conditions.
• Glutathione levels in the body may be reduced by a number of factors, including poor nutrition, environmental toxins, and stress. Its levels also typically decline with age.

About Mogrus shushka and Mogrus pune:

• These are two newly discovered arachnids belonging to the genus Mogrus, a group of medium-sized jumping spiders typically found in the arid regions of Africa, Europe, and Asia.
• Mogrus shushka:
  • It was identified in Desert National Park, Rajasthan, a region better known for its sand dunes and iconic desert wildlife.
  • Derived from the Sanskrit word shushka for 'dry,' the name reflects the extreme, arid conditions in which the spider thrives.
  • It is highly adapted to intense heat, low humidity, and sandy terrain, conditions that define the Thar desert.
• Mogrus pune:
  • It was discovered in the Alfa Laval Biodiversity Park in Maharashtra. It was named after the city of Pune.

About Dalma Wildlife Sanctuary:

• Location: It is located in Jharkhand.
• It is situated around the Dalma Hills on the Chottanagpur Plateau.
• The Sanctuary gets its name from the “Dalma mai” a local goddess who is revered and worshipped by the local people and the people of adjoining villages of Dalma. 
• Terrain: The terrain here is hilly and rocky, with dense forests and grasslands. 
• River: The entire forest of Dalma Sanctuary falls in the catchment of the Subarnarekha River.
• It features two prominent waterfalls, Sitaguldi and Dassam.
• Vegetation: The forests of Dalma come under the category “Dry peninsular Sal” and “Northern dry mixed deciduous Forest”.
• Flora: Medicinal plants like Ananatmula, Satawari, Sarpgandha, etc. are abundant in the sanctuary. 
• Various types of trees, climbers, herbs, shrubs, and orchids are found here. 
• Fauna:  Besides elephants, the sanctuary has a considerable population of other wildlife like barking deer, wild boar, giant squirrel, porcupine, pangolin, sloth bear, etc.