About Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID):

• It is a mental health condition that causes one to limit the amount and type of food one eats.
• It isn’t the result of a distorted self-image or an attempt to lose body weight, which is common among other eating disorders.
• The eating problems seen in ARFID stem from other factors, such as:
  • Aversions to certain food groups or textures of foods
  • Lack of appetite
  • Preferences for specific colors of foods
  • Fears of vomiting or choking after eating
• Although ARFID can occur at any age, it most commonly develops during infancy or early childhood and may persist into adulthood. In children, ARFID occurs more frequently in males than females.
• People with ARFID often have anxiety disorders, neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and developmental and/or intellectual disabilities.
• Additionally, there is likely a genetic component, as ARFID commonly runs in families.
• As well as being selective about food, someone with ARFID might not eat (consume) enough calories to grow and develop.
• In children, this may cause stalled weight gain, weight loss, or even stalled vertical growth (growing taller).
• It may lead to life-threatening complications if left untreated.
• The main treatment is cognitive behavioral therapy.

About Sky Sting Missile:

• It is a 6th-generation beyond-visual-range air-to-air missile (BVRAAM).
• It is being developed by Rafael Advanced Defense Systems Ltd., an Israeli defense technology company.
• It is light enough to be carried by aircraft such as the Tejas Mk1A, while also being compatible with Su-30MKI
• It boasts a range of 250 km, with a three-pulse solid-fuel rocket motor enabling end-game speeds exceeding Mach 5.
• Its radio-frequency seeker, supported by AI-driven target discrimination and jam-resistant technology, allows precise early lock-on and robust electronic counter-countermeasures.
• A two-way data link ensures real-time communication between the pilot and the missile during engagements.
• Designed to provide air forces with a significant tactical edge by allowing pilots to neutralise threats from a safe distance, Sky Sting addresses modern challenges like stealth targets and electronic warfare.

About Vikko Sat-1:

• It is a mini satellite.
• It was developed by a group of students from the Class XI batch of Ariyakudi Government Higher Secondary School in Tamil Nadu’s Sivagangai district.
• It was specifically designed to detect fungal spores in the stratosphere using five specialised sensors.
  • These biological particles play a crucial role in agricultural health and environmental cycles, and their presence in the upper atmosphere can impact crops if they descend.
• By sending a compact device into the stratosphere via a helium balloon, the students aimed to collect real-time data that is often difficult to obtain through ground-based observations.
• The students developed the mini satellite themselves over a period of six months, equipping it with specialised adhesive surfaces to capture the samples.
• The mini satellite ascended to a height of 22 km, entering the stratosphere, which is the second layer of the atmosphere.
• At this altitude, the onboard sensors worked to identify how fungal spores behave in thinner air and lower temperatures.
• The payload was recovered intact after its descent, ensuring the air samples remained safe for analysis in the school's control room.

About Wayanad Wildlife Sanctuary:

• It is located in Wayanad, Kerala, in the southern trenches of the Western Ghats.
• It is also known as Muthanga Wildlife Sanctuary.
• It forms an integral part of the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
• It is bordered by the protected areas of Nagarhole and Bandipur in Karnataka on the northeastern side and Mudumalai in Tamil Nadu on the southeastern side.
• Rivers like the Kabini, Cherupuzha, and Bavali flow through the sanctuary.
• Tribes living in these forests include some scheduled adivasis, such as Paniyas, Kattunaikkans, Kurumas, Ooralis, Adiyans, and Kurichiyas.
• Flora:
  • It is a mosaic of the Western Ghats’ significant vegetation types, ranging from moist deciduous to dry deciduous and semi-evergreen patches.
  • About one-third of the sanctuary is covered by plantations of teak, rosewood, eucalyptus, and silver oak.
• Fauna:
  • It boasts one of the largest populations of Asian elephants and tigers, which are considered its flagship species.
  • Other mammals include leopards, gaur (Indian bison), sambar deer, wild boars, sloth bears, and jungle cats.
  • Many species of birds, like peacock, owl, babbler, black woodpecker, golden backed three- toed wood pecker, cuckoo and jungle fowl, are found in the area.

About Indravati River:

• It is a tributary of the Godavari
• Course:
  • It rises in the Kalahandi district of Odisha on the western slopes of the Eastern Ghats.
  • It flows westwards to join the Godavari, thus forming the boundary between Maharashtra and Chhattisgarh states at some places.
  • Most of the River Course of Indravati is through dense forests of Bastar District,
• It is sometimes known as the "lifeline" of the Bastar District, which is known as one of the greenest districts in India.
• There is a famous wildlife sanctuary named Indravati National Park on its bank.
• Tributaries: Bhaskel River, Narangi River, Nimbra River, Kotri River, Bandia River, and Nandiraj River. 

About Sweden:

• Location: It is a Northern European country located on the Scandinavian Peninsula.
• Bordering Countries: It is bordered with Finland (east), Norway (north and west).
• Water boundaries: It is bounded by the Gulf of Bothnia and the Baltic Sea in the east and south; and by the Skagerrak and Kattegat straits in the southwest.
• Capital city: Stockholm
• It is a member country of EU and NATO.
• Geographical Features of Sweden:
  • Terrain: Sweden is rugged with snow-covered mountains and thick forests.
  • Climate: It can experience quite temperate weather.
  • Rivers: Angerman, Eman, Indal, Lagan etc
  • Natural Resources: It includes uranium, copper, lead, and zinc.

About Moist Heatwave:

• Moist heatwaves are triggered by a combined impact of high temperatures and elevated humidity levels in the atmosphere.
• The best way to measure the combined effect of humidity and temperature is ‘wet bulb temperature’. 
  • Wet bulb temperature is the lowest temperature to which air can be cooled by the evaporation of water into the air at constant pressure.
  • This is a process happening on human skin when people sweat.
  • The globally accepted level for wet bulb temperature that forms the limit of human survivability is 35°C.

Impact of Moist Heatwaves on Human:

• When air is already humid, sweat cannot evaporate from skin, leaving the body unable to cool itself. This can lead to heat exhaustion and fatal heatstroke within hours. 
• It is because high humidity impairs evaporation, limiting the human body’s ability to dissipate metabolic heat and regulate core temperature.
• In such circumstances, the physiological strain on the human body intensifies, exacerbating the risks of cardiovascular and respiratory illnesses.
• A thermoregulatory failure can lead to hyperthermia, heat exhaustion, and fatal heatstroke in extreme cases.

About State Innovation Mission:

• It is part of the approved Atal Innovation Mission (AIM 2.0) programme, under the aegis of NITI Aayog’s State Support Mission (SSM).
• It is designed as a long-term institutional mechanism to support States and Union Territories in building robust, inclusive, and context-specific innovation ecosystems aligned with national priorities and local strengths.
• Under SIM, AIM will work closely with the Government of Tripura to:
  • Design and implement a long-term innovation strategy
  • Strengthen policy frameworks and regulatory support
  • Enable partnerships between government, academia, industry, and civil society
  • Facilitate peer learning and national-level collaboration
  • Support startups with infrastructure, mentorship, and access to funding
• The Mission emphasises inclusion, regional balance, and capacity building across the entire innovation lifecycle — from school education to advanced entrepreneurship.

What is Atal Innovation Mission?

• It is a flagship initiative set up by the NITI Aayog in 2016.
• Objective: To create and encourage an environment of innovation and entrepreneurship across schools, educational organisations, research institutes, and industries, including MSMEs.
• AIM has two functions:
  • Promote entrepreneurship by encouraging innovators to become entrepreneurs through financial support as well as mentorship.
  • Promote innovation by creating a platform where ideas are generated through like-minded individuals.
• AIM has created four programs to support these functions:
  • Atal Tinkering Labs
  • Atal Incubation Centres
  • Atal New India Challenges and Atal Grand Challenges.

About International Climate Initiative:

• It is an important part of the German government's international climate finance commitment. 
• It was established in 2008.
• It operates within the framework of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD).
• It finances climate change mitigation and biodiversity conservation in developing, emerging and transition countries to implement and ambitiously develop the Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) anchored in the Paris Agreement. 
• Priority Countries: The IKI priority countries include Brazil, China, Colombia, Costa Rica, India, Indonesia, Mexico, Peru, the Philippines, South Africa, Thailand, Türkiye, Ukraine and Viet Nam. 
• The funding programme combines the following four funding areas:
  • Mitigating greenhouse gas emissions: Setting the course for global climate neutrality by 2050;
  • Adaptation to the impacts of climate change: Strengthening resilience, making use of interconnections with mitigation and biodiversity approaches;
  • Preserving and restoring carbon sinks: Combating the causes of global warming and the destruction of natural ecosystems;
  • Conserving biological diversity: Implementing the Global Biodiversity Framework