About Bura Chapori Wildlife Sanctuary:

• Location: It is s geographically located on the south bank of the Brahmaputra, in Assam.
• It is a part of the Laokhowa-Burachapori eco-system.
• It is nestled between the Kaziranga National Park(NP) to the east and the Orang NP to the west and Laokhowa WLS to the south.
• Climate: It falls under the sub-tropical monsoon climatic regime.
• Vegetation: It comprises of a mosaic of wet alluvial grassland, riparian and semi-evergreen forests dotted by wetland and river systems.
• Flora: The grassland is also rich in various kinds of medicinal herbs and plants.
• It also has Hollang, Mekai, Dhuna, Udiyam, Nahar, Samkothal, Bheer,
• Fauna: It is home to the Great Indian one-horned rhinoceros, tiger, leopard, wild buffalo, hog deer, wild pig, and elephants.
  • It also consists of highly endangered Bengal Florican, Black-necked Stork, Mallard, Open billed Stork, Teal, and Whistling Duck among others.

About Litani River:

• It is a major river in Lebanon.
• Origin: It rises in a low divides west of Baalbek and flowing southwestward through the Bekaa valley between the Lebanon and Anti-Lebanon mountains.
• It falls into the Mediterranean Sea.
• Tributaries: Berdawni River, Chtoura River, Qib Elias River etc
• Dams: El Wauroun Dam, Qaraoun Dam, or Albert Naqash Dam
• It provides a major source for water supply, irrigation, and hydroelectricity both within Southern Lebanon and the bekaa and the country as a whole.

Key Facts about Bekaa valley

• It is broad valley of east-central Lebanon, extending in a northeast-southwest direction for along the Litani and Orontes rivers.
• The valley contains nearly half of Lebanon’s arable land.
• It is not as intensively farmed as the country’s coastal plain because of less rainfall and a wider variation in temperature.

About Chhapgarus ngankeeae:

• It is a new species of marine crab.
• The species has been named in honour of the late Dr Ngan Kee Ng, a not ed marine biologist from the National University of Singapore.
• Habitat: It is found in the muddy intertidal mangrove forests along the west coast of India.
• Ecological Significance: Mangrove crabs play a crucial role in coastal eco systems by recycling nutrients and supporting food chains.

About Guru Angad Dev:

• Guru Angad (31 March 1504--29 March 1552) was born with the birth name of Lahna the village of Matte-di-Sarai in Firozpur district of Punjab, India.
• He was the second Sikh Guru (1539–52).
• He nominated Sri Guru Amar Das as his successor (The Third Nanak) before his death. 
• Contribution of Guru Angad Dev:
  • He introduced the Gurmukhi script, standardizing the Punjabi language.
  • He made extensive efforts to spread teachings of Guru Nanak Dev far and wide.
  • He introduced the teaching of Punjabi in Gurmukhi script by modifying the existing alphabet.
  • He improved literacy among the Sikhs and started school at Khadur Sahib to teach Gurmukhi to the children.
  • He encouraged physical health building through sports and wrestling as well mental health through discipline and truthful living.
  • He composed many hymns in Ragas.
  • He consolidated the institution of Langar started by Guru Nanak Dev Ji.
  • He also established hundreds of new Sangats (Sikh religious Institutions) and thus strengthened the base of Sikhism.

About Sahiwal Cattle:

• It is considered to be one of the best milch cattle breed of India.
• The breed derives its name from Sahiwal area in Montgomery district of Punjab in Pakistan.
• Other Names: These animals are also known as “Lambi Bar”, “Lola”, “Montgomery”, “Multani” and “Teli”.
• Appearance
  • The cows are brownish red in colour; shades may vary from a mahogany red brown to more greyish red.
  • Extremities in bulls are darker than rest of body colour. Occasionally there are white patches.
• Its unique traits are, tick-resistant, heat tolerant, high milk production and noted for its high resistance to parasites, both internal and external
• Due to their heat tolerance and high milk production they have been exported to other Asian countries as well as Africa and the Caribbean. 

What is Ovum Pick-Up-In Vitro Fertilization (OPU-IVF) Technology?

• Ovum Pick-Up (OPU) is one of the recent and remarkable technologies in the field of reproductive biotechnology.
• It allows the collection of oocytes from the ovaries of live animals of known pedigree and additionally decreases the interval between generations.
• This procedure can be performed on pregnant animals less than 100 days in gestation.
  • In OPU, ovarian follicles are punctured in a live animal with the help of a needle attached to a vacuum pump after visualizing them through ultrasonography.
  • The oocytes obtained are then subjected to in vitro maturation (IVM), in vitro fertilization (IVF) and culture (IVC) for embryo production.
  • The embryos thus produced can then be transferred to suitably synchronized recipients for producing offspring of known pedigree.

About Kolleru Lake:

• Location: It is a shallow lake located in Andhra Pradesh.
• It is nestled in the inter-deltaic plain of rivers Krishna and Godavari near the city of Eluru and serves as a natural flood-balancing reservoir for these two rivers. 
• This lake is also known as the “Peerless Fisherman”s Paradise and Bird Heaven”.
• It receives water from four rivers, namely Budameru, Ramileru, Tammileru, and Errakalva,
• This lake empties its water into the Bay of Bengal through an outlet called ‘upputera’.
• The lake was declared as a wildlife sanctuary in 1999.
• It was designated as a wetland of international importance in 2002 under the International Ramsar Convention. 
• Fauna:
  • It supports many migratory birds annually, including grey pelicans, painted storks, and open-billed storks. 
  • It is a haven for species migrating from Siberia, Central Asia, and the Himalayas.
• Significance: The Lake is deeply intertwined with local livelihoods, sustaining thousands who depend on fishing, duck farming, and paddy cultivation.