Context:

• Punjab saw a breakthrough in the ongoing farmers' agitation when farmer leader Jagjit Singh Dallewal ended his 54-day fast, agreeing to talks with the central government.
• This movement, reminiscent of the earlier protests against the now-repealed farm laws, raises critical issues around MSP, agricultural reforms, and farmer unity.

Background and Context of the Punjab Farmers’ Agitation:

• From SKM to SKM (non-political) - Evolution of protests:
  • The protest, led by the Samyukta Kisan Morcha (non-political) and Kisan Mazdoor Morcha, began in February 2023.
  • It gained momentum in November 2024 when Dallewal, a 66-year-old leader and political science postgraduate, initiated a hunger strike.
  • The movement stems from dissatisfaction with the National Policy Framework on agricultural marketing, perceived as an attempt to reintroduce repealed farm laws.
• Key differences from the 2020-21 agitation:
  • The current agitation lacks the pan-state support seen in the earlier SKM-led protests.
  • Urban-rural divides have surfaced, with urban traders resisting bandh calls, and women’s participation at the border points being minimal.

Key Issues and Demands of the Farmers’ Agitation:

• 13-point charter of demands: The protest revolves around demands critical to Punjab’s agricultural and economic landscape:
  • Legal guarantee of Minimum Support Price (MSP) for crops based on the Swaminathan formula.
  • Waiver of farm loans.
  • Monthly pension of ₹10,000 for farmers above 60.
  • India’s withdrawal from WTO.
• The debate on MSP:
  • Supporters’ argument: MSP guarantees could promote crop diversification and fair pricing.
  • Critics’ warning: It may backfire, leading to limited wheat and paddy procurement by the Centre, harming Punjab's agrarian economy.

Challenges in Unity and Governance of the Farmers’ Agitation:

• Fragmentation within farmer unions:
  • SKM's non-participation due to past differences with Dallewal’s Bharatiya Kisan Union [Sidhupur (BKU)] and Sarwan Singh Pandher’s Kisan Mazdoor Sangharsh Committee (KMSC).
  • Speculation of discord arose when KMSC’s Sarwan Singh Pandher questioned Dallewal’s decision to negotiate.
• Political manipulation and policy gaps:
  • Farmers are viewed as pawns in political agendas.
  • Punjab lacks substantial progress in diversification, cold chain infrastructure, food processing units, or effective Farmer Producer Organisations (FPOs).

Impact of the Agitation:

• Public inconvenience:
  • The protests led to border closures and disruptions, forcing commuters onto longer routes.
  • Unlike the 2020-21 protests, this agitation created friction between farmers and urban dwellers.
• Struggles in achieving resolution:
  • Despite earlier promises, such as MSP guarantees for pulses, little progress has been made.
  • The upcoming talks on February 14 offer a critical opportunity for a resolution.

Conclusion:

• While the agitation has reignited discussions on MSP and agricultural reforms, a lasting solution requires political will, stakeholder unity, and reforms implemented with farmer consent.
• Punjab’s agricultural future hinges on addressing structural inefficiencies while safeguarding the interests of its farmers.