Why in news?

The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has joined Project Nexus, a multilateral initiative aimed at enabling instant cross-border retail payments by interlinking domestic Fast Payments Systems (FPSs).

Through this project, India's Unified Payments Interface (UPI) will be connected with the FPSs of Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand. The platform has the potential to be extended to additional countries in the future.

What’s in today’s article?

• Bank for International Settlements (BIS)
• Project Nexus

Bank for International Settlements (BIS)

• About: The Bank for International Settlements (BIS) is an international financial institution that serves as a bank for central banks, fostering international monetary and financial cooperation.
• Establishment: Founded in 1930, the BIS is the oldest global financial institution.
• Headquarters: Located in Basel, Switzerland
• Main Functions
  • Central Bank Cooperation - Facilitates collaboration among central banks and provides a platform for policy discussions and decision-making.
  • Financial Stability - Promotes monetary and financial stability through research, policy analysis, and the development of international standards.
  • Banking Services - Provides banking services to central banks and other international organizations, including gold and foreign exchange transactions.
  • Economic Research - Conducts research and analysis on global economic and financial issues, producing reports and publications.
• Importance
  • Coordination - Acts as a forum for central banks to collaborate on monetary policy and financial regulation.
  • Standard Setting - Plays a crucial role in setting international standards and guidelines to ensure the stability and resilience of the global financial system.
  • Crisis Management - Provides a platform for coordinated responses to global financial crises and economic challenges.
• Few notable works
  • Basel Accords
    • Basel I (1988) - Introduced a set of minimum capital requirements for banks, aimed at reducing credit risk.
    • Basel II (2004) - Expanded on Basel I by adding requirements for market risk and operational risk, emphasizing risk management.
    • Basel III (2010-2017) - Strengthened bank capital requirements, introduced new regulatory requirements on bank liquidity and leverage, and aimed to enhance the resilience of the banking sector in the aftermath of the 2008 financial crisis.
  • BIS Innovation Hub
    • Established to foster collaboration on financial technology (FinTech) and innovation among central banks, focusing on developing digital currencies, cybersecurity, and new financial technologies.
  • Financial Stability Board (FSB) Support
    • Played a crucial role in the establishment and support of the FSB, which coordinates international efforts to enhance global financial stability and regulatory reforms in response to the 2008 financial crisis.

Project Nexus

• Background
  • RBI has been working bilaterally with various countries to link India’s Unified Payments Interface (UPI) with their Fast Payments Systems (FPSs) for cross-border Person to Person (P2P) and Person to Merchant (P2M) payments.
  • While these bilateral connections are beneficial, a multilateral approach could significantly enhance the international reach of Indian payment systems.
  • Currently, over 70 countries have instant payment systems that enable domestic payments to reach their destination in seconds at near-zero cost.
  • By interconnecting these systems, cross-border payments can be completed within 60 seconds in most cases.
• About
  • Project Nexus is conceptualised by the Innovation Hub of the Bank for International Settlements (BIS).
  • It seeks to enhance cross-border payments by connecting multiple domestic instant payment systems (IPS) globally.
  • It is the first BIS Innovation Hub project in the payments area to move towards live implementation.
• Benefits
  • Project Nexus aims to standardize the interconnection of Instant Payment Systems (IPS).
  • Instead of each payment system operator creating custom connections for every new country, they can connect once to the Nexus platform.
  • This single connection enables access to all other countries on the network, potentially accelerating the growth of instant cross-border payments.
• Countries that have joined the platform
  • Project Nexus aims to connect the FPSs of four Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) — Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand; and India.
    • These countries would be the founding members and first mover countries of this platform.
  • Indonesia will also join the platform in future.