Why in news?

• One of the three priority areas agreed upon during India's G20 presidency in 2023 was accomplished as the World Health Organization (WHO) launched the Global Initiative on Digital Health (GIDH) through a virtual platform.

What’s in today’s article?

• Digital health
• Global Initiative on Digital Health (GIDH)

What is digital health?

• Digital health refers to the use of technology, such as mobile devices, software applications, and other digital tools, to improve health and healthcare delivery.
• Basically, it is a multidisciplinary concept that includes concepts from an intersection between technology and healthcare.
• It encompasses a wide range of technologies and services, including telemedicine, electronic health records, wearable devices, health information exchange, and more.
• India’s CoWIN, UNICEF’s RapidPro and FamilyConnect etc. are few notable examples of digital health initiatives.
  • The real-time information platform, RapidPro, is a core solution in UNICEF’s digital health portfolio.
  • UNICeF’s FamilyConnect sends targeted life cycle-based messages via SMS to pregnant women, new mothers, heads of households etc.

Why is digital health important?

• Empowers patients
  • Digital tools are giving providers a more holistic view of patient health through access to data and giving patients more control over their health.
  • Hence, it empowers patients to make better-informed decisions about their own health.
    • E.g., wearable devices can monitor vital signs and provide real-time feedback to patients and clinicians.
• Treatment of disease
• Digital health tools provide new options for facilitating prevention, early diagnosis of life-threatening diseases, and management of chronic conditions outside of traditional health care settings.
• Other benefits
  • Reduce inefficiencies; Improve access; Reduce costs; Increase quality, andMake medicine more personalized for patients.
• Support overall universal health coverage targets
  • Digital health is a great enabler in delivery of healthcare services and has the potential to support overall universal health coverage targets.
    • This is because it can ensure availability, accessibility and affordability, and equity of health services.
    • For example, telemedicine allows patients to connect with healthcare providers remotely.

What are the challenges of digital health?

• Equitable access
  • Universalization of digital health and enabling of equitable access to healthcare services across the world, particularly for low- and middle-income countries is challenging.
  • The issue of accessibility becomes more daunting against the backdrop of low digital literacy and low-level of internet penetration.
• Ethical Challenges related to privacy, security and data ownership
  • The increasing digitization of healthcare and the growth of mobile and IoT devices as data collection tools raises many ethical issues.
  • One commonly recurring theme relates to the exact nature of the role of consumer tech companies, such as Amazon, Apple etc. who have all entered the digital health domain.
  • Such companies offer solutions for collecting, storing and analysing health data which raises issues relating to privacy, data protection and informed consent.
  • Analysts also raise ethical concerns relating to data ownership.
• Ethical challenges related to regularisation of digital health technologies
  • The growth of apps and technologies developed for a consumer market blurs the lines between what is medical and non-medical devices.
  • Hence, it raises ethical challenges relating to how to regularize such technologies.
• Data management
  • Due to the massive amounts of data collected from a variety of systems that store and code data differently, data interoperability is an ongoing challenge.

What is GIDH?

• GIDH is one of the key deliverables of India’s G-20 Presidency.
• It will consolidate the evidence and amplify recent and past gains in global digital health while strengthening mutual accountability to enhance the impact of future investments.
• GIDH will be a WHO Managed Network (“Network of Networks”) that will promote equitable access to digital health.
  • It will do so by sharing digital goods and knowledge.
• The GIDH will ensure inclusivity, integration, and alignment of healthcare goals by not leaving anyone behind.

What are the aims of GIDH?

• ALIGN efforts to support the Global Strategy on Digital Health 2020–2025;
• SUPPORT quality assured technical assistance to develop and strengthen standards-based and interoperable systems aligned to global best practices, norms and standards;
• FACILITATE the deliberate use of quality assured digital transformation tools that enable governments to manage their digital health transformation journey.

What are the pillars of GIDH?

• It will have four pillars:
  • investment tracker; ask tracker to track technologies the countries need; a library of available digital tools, and a platform for knowledge-sharing to implement these technologies at scale.
• 

What are the strategies to be employed by GIDH?

• The GIDH will bring countries and partners together to achieve measurable outcomes by:
  • developing clear priority-driven investment plans for digital health transformation;
  • improving reporting and transparency of digital health resources;
  • facilitating knowledge exchange and collaboration across regions and countries to accelerate progress;
  • increasing technical and financial support to the implementation of the Global Strategy on Digital Health 2020–2025 and its next phase.