The Environment (Protection) Second Amendment Rules, 2025 require caustic soda plants using membrane cell technology to pass a fish-survival test for wastewater toxicity.
About Caustic Soda:
Caustic soda, also known as sodium hydroxide, is one of India’s most widely used industrial chemicals.
Other names: Lye, soda lye, and sodium hydrate.
It is produced by the electrolysis of aqueous solutions of sodium chloride (brine) or by reacting naturally occurring sodium carbonate with calcium hydroxide.
Properties of Caustic Soda:
This compound is an alkali – a type of base that can neutralize acids and is soluble in water.
At room temperature, sodium hydroxide is a white crystalline odorless solid that absorbs moisture from the air
When dissolved in water or neutralized with acid it liberates substantial heat.
Its solution appears as a colorless liquid and more dense than water.
Its contact may severely irritate skin, eyes, and mucous membranes.
It is corrosive to metals and tissue.
Applications:
It is used in industries such as soap, detergents, paper, textiles, aluminium, petrochemicals and water purification.
It is also used in processing cotton fabric, laundering and bleaching, metal cleaning and processing, oxide coating, electroplating, and electrolytic extracting.
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