The Economic Survey 2020-21 states that the years 2019 and 2020 are landmark years in the history of labour reforms.
About:
The country saw the nearly 29 Central Labour laws being amalgamated, rationalized and simplified into four labour codes viz.:
the Code on Wages, 2019,
the Industrial Relations Code, 2020,
the Occupational Safety, Health and Working Conditions Code, 2020 and
the Code on Social Security, 2020.
COVID-19 has exposed the vulnerability of urban casual workers, who account for 11.2 per cent of urban workforce (All-India) as per Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS), January-March, 2020.
The size of labour force in 2018-19 was estimated at about 51.8 crore persons: about 48.8 crore employed and 3.0 crore unemployed.
Industry-wise estimates on workforce shows that the largest, about 21.5 crore persons are employed in 'Agriculture', which is still the largest employer with 42.5 per cent of workforce.
Next important industry is ‘other services’ where about 6.4 crore persons (13.8 per cent) were engaged.
'Manufacturing' and ‘Trade, hotel & restaurants’ each employed about 5.9 crore persons with the share of nearly 12.1 per cent and 12.6 per cent respectively, while ‘Construction’ sector employed about 5.7 crore persons in 2018-19 with share of 12.1 per cent.
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