Hydrogen cyanide

Dec. 18, 2023

Scientists have found hydrogen cyanide — a key molecule in the creation of life — in the oceans of Saturn’s icy moon Enceladus, according to a new study based on data from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s (NASA) Cassini spacecraft.

About Hydrogen cyanide:

  • It is a colourless or pale-blue liquid or gas with a bitter, almond-like odour.
  • It is also known as hydrocyanic acid or HCN.
  • Hydrogen cyanide interferes with the body’s use of oxygen and may cause harm to the brain, heart, blood vessels, and lungs. 
  • It is an excellent solvent for many salts, but it is not widely used as a solvent because of its toxicity.
  • Application: It may be used in the workplace for fumigation, electroplating, mining, chemical synthesis, and the production of synthetic fibres, plastics, dyes, and pesticides. 

Key facts about the Cassini spacecraft

  • The mission was launched by NASA in 1997 and orbited Saturn from 2004 to 2017, circling the planet 294 times.
  • It measured the structure of Saturn’s atmosphere and rings, as well as how they interact with the planet’s moons.
  • It also discovered six named moons and revealed Enceladus and Titan as promising locations to search for extraterrestrial life.

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