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Key Facts about Azerbaijan

Oct. 24, 2026

A year after ties between India and Azerbaijan soured over Baku’s alignment with Pakistan during Operation Sindoor, India’s External Affairs Minister (EAM) met with Azerbaijan's top leadership in an attempt to reset bilateral relations.

About Azerbaijan:

  • Azerbaijan, officially the Republic of Azerbaijan, is located at the junction of Eastern Europe and Western Asia along the southern flanks of the Caucasus Mountains.
  • It is bounded in the east by the Caspian Sea, the world's largest inland body of water.
  • Bordering Countries: It is bordered by Russia, Georgia, Armenia, Turkey and
  • The country is highly mountainous, making human settlement very limited to along rivers and coastlines.
  • Highest Point: Mount Bazardüzü is the highest peak in the Greater Caucasus Range and the highest mountain in Azerbaijan.
  • Government Type: Presidential Republic
  • Capital: The capital city, Baku, is famous for its modern architecture and historical sites, including the UNESCO World Heritage-listed Old City.
    • For its location at 28 m below sea level, Baku is the largest city in the world located below sea level and also the lowest-lying national capital in the world.
  • Climate: Its climate is highly varied and contains examples of nine out of the world’s eleven climate zones. Most of Azerbaijan is dry, with hot summers and mild winters.
  • Major Rivers: Alazani, Aras, and Kura Rivers.
  • Currency: Azerbaijani manats (AZN).

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