Neurons

About Neurons

• Neurons (nerve cells) are the fundamental units of the brain and nervous system.
• They are responsible for:
  • Receiving sensory input from the environment.
  • Sending motor commands to muscles.
  • Processing and transmitting electrical and chemical signals.
• Structure of Neuron:
  • Dendrites → receive incoming signals.
  • Cell Body (Soma) → integrates signals.
  • Axon → carries impulses away from the cell body.
  • Axon Terminals → release neurotransmitters at synapses.

Neuronal Communication

• Traditionally, neurons communicate via synapses where neurotransmitters cross gaps.
• New Discovery: Neurons may also connect via nanotubes (DNTs), enabling:
  • Direct electrical signal transfer.
  • Protein transport (including amyloid-beta, linked to Alzheimer’s).