About Nongkhyllem Wildlife Sanctuary:
- Location: It is located in Meghalaya, within the Eastern Himalayan Global Biodiversity Hotspot.
- It was established in 1981as a protected sanctuary under the Wildlife Protection Act, 1972.
- Topography: Features undulating plains, low hills, and rugged terrain shaped by the Umtrew River and its tributaries (Umran, Umling, Umtasor).
- Vegetation: The major part of the habitat is Tropical Moist Deciduous forest with patches of Tropical Semi-evergreen forest.
- River: Umtrew River, forming the western boundary of the sanctuary.
- Flora: Dominant species include Shorea robusta, Tectona grandis, Terminalia myriocarpa, and Gmelina arborea.
- Fauna: It is home to bird species including the endangered Rufous-necked Hornbill, and mammals like the Clouded Leopard, Elephant, and Himalayan Black Bear.
- Four species of hornbills occur in the area, including the Great Pied, Indian Pied, and Wreathed Hornbills.
