According a recent study titled ‘Ambient PM2.5 Reduces Global and Regional Life Expectancy’, average human life is about one year shorter because of PM2.5 ambient air pollution.
About:
Particulate matter (PM) pollution consists of solid and liquid particles in the air. Particles can consist of materials such as dust, dirt, soot, smoke, salt, acids, and metals. PM varies in size, and the smallest particles are of greatest health concern.
PM 2.5: It is an atmospheric particulate matter of diameter of fewer than 2.5 micrometres. They can only be detected with the help of an electron microscope because they are so small.
Source of PM2.5:
Vehicular emission and burning of fuels such as wood, heating oil or coal and natural sources such as forest and grass fires are the major source.
Fine particles also form from the reaction of gases or droplets in the atmosphere from sources such as power plants.
5 can also be produced by common indoor activities such as cooking (e.g., frying, sautéing, and broiling), burning candles or oil lamps etc.
Implications:
Due to their smaller size, the PM 2.5 particles can easily bypass the nose and throat and can easily enter the circulatory system. it could lead to premature death from heart and lung disease.
It also reduces visibility.
Indian scenario: According to the WHO Global Ambient Air Quality Database for 2018, India has 14 out of the 15 most polluted cities in the world in terms of PM2.5 concentrations.
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