Spratly Islands

May 26, 2023

A recent report indicates that the Chinese militarization efforts in the Spartly Islands have transformed these islands into strategic military outposts.

About Spartly Islands:

  • Location:
    • The Spratly Islands consist of more than 100 small islands or reefs in the South China Sea.
    • They are located north of insular Malaysia and are roughly midway between Vietnam and the Philippines.
  • Claims:
    • They are claimed in their entirety by China, Taiwan, and Vietnam, while portions are claimed by Malaysia and the Philippines.
    • Although Brunei did not claim any territory in the Spratlys, it claims an exclusive economic zone over this area that contained a Spratly reef
  • They are spread out over a vast area of ocean measuring some 158,000 square miles (409,000 square km).
  • Climate: Tropical
  • Islands:
    • A great number of them are submerged
    • Of the 12 main naturally occurring islets, the largest is the 90-acre (36-hectare) Itu Aba.
    • Another, called Spratly Island or Storm Island, measures 900 by 1,500 feet (275 by 450 metres). 
  • Turtles and seabirds are the only wildlife in these islands. There is no permanent human habitation.
  • History:
    • France held them between 1933 and 1939. 
    • During World War II Japan occupied the archipelago and developed it as a submarine base.
    • After the war the Chinese Nationalist government established a garrison on Itu Aba, which the Nationalists maintained after their exile to Taiwan in 1949.
    • When Japan renounced its claim to the islands in 1951, Taiwan, mainland China, and Vietnam all declared themselves the rightful owners, and the Philippines added a claim based on proximity in 1955.