About the Valmiki Tiger Reserve:
- It is located at the India-Nepal border in the West Champaran district of Bihar.
- It is situated in the Gangetic Plains biogeographic zone of the country.
- It forms the easternmost limit of the Himalayan Terai forests in India and is the only tiger reserve in Bihar.
- It comprises the Valmiki National Park and Valmiki Wildlife Sanctuary.
- It is surrounded by the Royal Chitwan National Park of Nepal in the north and the river Gandak on the western side.
- Rivers: Rivers Gandak, Pandai, Manor, Harha, Masan, and Bhapsa flow through various parts of the reserve.
- The forest of this region has a combination of bhabar and terai tracts.
- Vegetation: It has mainly Moist mixed deciduous, Open-land vegetation, Sub-mountainous semi-evergreen formation, Freshwater swamps, Riparian fringes, Alluvial grasslands, high hill savannah and Wetlands.
- Flora: Sal, rohini, sihor, teak, bamboo, semal, Mandar, shisham, Jamun, Gular etc.
- Fauna: Tigers, Leopards and Indian Wild Dogs are large predators. Leopard cat and fishing cat, Deer, sambar, barking deer and hog deer etc.
