Using electron microscopy, scientists have recently managed to produce a 3D model of a part of the human cell, the ribosome.
About Ribosomes:
Ribosomes are non-membrane-bound cell organellesmade of RNA and proteins.
They are found in both prokaryoticand eukaryotic cells.
In eukaryotic organisms, ribosomes are found in the cytoplasm, mitochondria, and chloroplast.
All prokaryotic ribosomes are found free in the cytoplasm of the cell.
Ribosomal structure and function are strikingly similar in all organisms and organelles.
They are made of two subunits, the large and the small subunit which comprises ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and proteins.
Primary Function:
They are complex molecular machines that make proteins from amino acids in a process called protein synthesis, or translation.
Every cell needs ribosomes to manufacture proteins.
The ribosome reads the messenger RNA (mRNA) sequence and translates that genetic code into a specified string of amino acids, whichgrowintolong chains that fold to form proteins.
The newly formed proteins detach themselves from the ribosome site and migrate to other parts of the cell for use.
What is mRNA?
mRNA is a type of single-stranded RNA involved in protein synthesis.
mRNA is made from a DNA template during the process of transcription.
The role of mRNA is to carry protein information fromthe DNAin a cell’s nucleusto the cell’s cytoplasm(watery interior), where the protein-making machinery reads the mRNA sequence and translates each three-base codon into its corresponding amino acid in a growing protein chain.
So, mRNA really is a form of nucleic acid which helps the human genome, which is coded in DNA, to be read by the cellular machinery.
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