What are Secondary Pollutants?

June 29, 2025

Secondary pollutants, particularly ammonium sulphate, are responsible for nearly one-third of India’s fine Particulate Matter (PM2.5) pollution, said a study from the Centre for Research on Energy and Clean Air (CREA).

About Secondary Pollutants:

  • Secondary pollutants are pollutants which form in the atmosphere.
  • These pollutants are not emitted directly from a source (like vehicles or power plants).
    • Pollutants that are emitted into the environment from a source are called primary pollutants.
  • Secondary pollutants form as a result of the pollutants emitted from these sources reacting with molecules in the atmosphere to form a new pollutant.
  • Examples of secondary pollutants are ozone and secondary organic aerosol (haze).
  • Secondary pollutants are harder to control because they have different ways of synthesizing, and the formation is not well understood.
  • They form naturally in the environment and cause problems like photochemical smog.
    • The phenomenon of photochemical smog is a result of the interactions of primary pollutants with other molecules in the air, such as molecular oxygen, water, and hydrocarbons.
    • These combine to form yellow clouds that are harmful to humans.

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