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White Phosphorus

March 9, 2026

Recently, the Human Rights Watch accused Israel of "unlawfully" using white phosphorus over residential parts of a southern Lebanese town.

About White Phosphorus:

  • White (sometimes called yellow) phosphorus is a white to yellow waxy solid with a garlic like odour.
  • Properties: It ignites spontaneously in air at temperatures above 30 °C and continues to burn until it is fully oxidized or until deprived of oxygen.
  • Applications:
    • It is often used by militaries to illuminate battlefields, to generate a smokescreen and as an incendiary.
    • It is used for military purposes in grenades and artillery shells to produce illumination, to generate a smokescreen and as an incendiary.
    • Its major industrial uses are in the production of phosphoric acid, phosphates and other compounds.
      • Phosphates are used to manufacture a range of products including fertilizers and detergents. Phosphorus has been used as a rodenticide and in fireworks.
    • Impact of White phosphorus on Humans:
      • It is harmful to humans by all routes of exposure.
      • The smoke from burning phosphorus is also harmful to the eyes and respiratory tract due to the presence of phosphoric acids and phosphine.
      • It can cause deep and severe burns, penetrating even through bone.

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