Mains Daily Question
March 3, 2023

Describe the significance of electoral reforms for India. Highlight the various reforms that have been proposed so far to ensure free and fair elections in India.

Model Answer

Approach:

Introduction: State the importance of elections in democracies along with highlighting some issues in the Indian electoral process.

Body: Mention the significance of reforms and also state various reforms being proposed now.

Conclusion: Suggest how ensuring successful reforms will lead to a stable and prosperous society.

Answer:

India is the largest electoral democracy in the world, with its elections often referred to as "festivals of democracy." Elections ensure citizen participation, the peaceful transfer of power, and the legitimacy of government. However, there are multiple issues with India’s election mechanisms, such as the prevalence of money and muscle politics, a lack of accountability in electoral funding, etc. Therefore, there is a need for reform in the process.

Significance of electoral reforms:

  1. Electoral reforms guarantee free and fair elections, thereby fostering a robust democracy as free and fair elections can ensure a legitimately elected government.
  2. Increase voter turnout as people develop confidence in the process fostering political consciousness. 
  3. Electoral reforms ensure that marginalized communities are fairly represented in government. Those communities that cannot prevail through brute force are also interested in participating in a free and fair election.
  4. As stated by the Justice Verma Commission in 1999, they help to reduce election-related violence and criminalize politics.
  5. They promote transparency and accountability in election funding by promoting transparent electoral financing.
  6. As stated by the Indrajit Gupta Committee in 1998, this reduces the use of money and physical force in elections by tackling muscle politics.
  7. They increase the legitimacy of the electoral process, leading to improved governance.
  8. These ensure efficient election management and reduce delays and errors. Example: Electronic Voting Machines were introduced in 1982 which have led to reduced instances of booth capturing and vote rigging as used to happen earlier.
  9. They encourage political parties to focus on policies and issues rather than personal attacks, for example by implementing the Model Code of Conduct effectively.
  10. Electoral reforms safeguard voters' rights and bolster the foundation of democracy.

Varied reforms proposed:

  1. State Funding of Elections: To reduce the influence of black money, the Indrajit Gupta Committee (1998) also recommended state funding of elections. It is necessary to form a committee to deliberate partial state funding of elections.
  2. In order to prevent their influence on voters, the Election Commission of India has recommended a ban on opinion polls during elections. The Commission proposed this ban in its 2013 letter to the Law Ministry.
  3. The Verma Committee on Electoral Reforms (2015) recommended that political parties be required to field at least 30% female candidates in elections. This will ensure the opportunity for women to ensure fair participation of everyone in elections.
  4. Decriminalization of Politics: The Election Commission of India (ECI) has proposed that candidates charged with serious offenses should be disqualified from running for office. In 2017, the ECI made this proposal in a letter to the Ministry of Law.
  5. Regulation of social media: During elections, the Election Commission of India (ECI) suggested in 2019 that social media platforms be brought under the Model Code of Conduct.
  6. The Election Commission of India (ECI) has proposed that political parties disclose their election-related funding and expenditures. In 2019, this recommendation was made in a letter to the Ministry of Justice.
  7. Prohibition of candidates with criminal records: In its 255th Report, the Law Commission of India (LCI) recommended that candidates with criminal records be prohibited from running for office.

 

Thus, the involvement of all stakeholders is necessary to ensure successful electoral reforms. If we can successfully ensure these reforms, it could lead to a more transparent, accountable, and efficient electoral process. This could lead to more people taking part in government, less corruption, and a stronger democratic system, all of which could lead to a more stable and prosperous society.

Subjects : Current Affairs Polity
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