Approach:

Introduction: Highlight the need for wildlife conservation and describe how WPA provides for protected areas like parks and sanctuaries.

Body: Mention the key provisions of the WPA,1972 along with highlighting the difference between national parks and wildlife sanctuaries 

Conclusion: Connect both these to biodiversity conservation. Provide suggestions for further better management of protected areas in India.

Answer:

The decision of the Rajasthan government to construct a zoo inside the Keoladeo Ghana National Park attracted criticism and brought forth the WPA 1972. The WPA provides for the declaration, protection, and management of protected areas. 

A protected area(PA) in India refers to a geographical region that is legally designated for the conservation and security of its natural resources, including wildlife, vegetation, and habitats. These include national parks and wildlife sanctuaries where a Wildlife sanctuary(WLS) is a place reserved exclusively for wildlife use, unlike a national park(NP) which provides protection to the entire ecosystem of a region.

Key provisions of WPA 1972 regarding both NP and WLS:

1. Declaration of a protected area as NP/WLS as both the central and state governments have the power to declare an area as NP/WLS.
2. Strict prohibition of hunting and poaching of wild animals in NP and WLS with penalties such as a minimum of 3 years of imprisonment for those guilty of such acts. 
3. Restriction on commercial activities such as logging, mining, and grazing within the boundaries of both. However, restrictions are more stringent for NP.
1. Unlike a Sanctuary, where certain rights to people like fuelwood collection by tribals can be allowed, no rights are allowed in NP. 
2. No grazing of any livestock shall also be permitted inside an NP whereas the Chief Wildlife Warden may regulate, control, or prohibit it in a WLS. 
3. Once declared as an NP, it cannot be then downgraded to the status of a wildlife sanctuary, as greater protection for wildlife is provided in an NP
4. Buffer areas around NP can be declared as WLS also.
4. Powers to forest officers are given to enforce provisions of WPA in both NP and WPA.
5. Penalties for violation of the provisions of WPA range from the imprisonment of a minimum of three years and seven years for repeat offenders to fines from 10000 to 25000 rupees, depending on the severity of the offence, for both.
6. Both PAs are managed by the National and State Boards for Wildlife to ensure the protection of wildlife.

Thus both NP and Wildlife Sanctuaries are protected under the wildlife protection act, although NP has been provided with higher levels of protection as compared to Wildlife sanctuaries. But while conserving biodiversity we should also take into consideration tribal rights as they also play a key role in environmental conservation.