Approach:

Introduction: Introduce by highlighting the meaning of cooperative federalism and importance of Inter-State Council & Zonal Council. 

Body: Elaborate upon the composition, functions & issues affecting the functioning of Inter-State council & Zonal Councils. 

Conclusion: Conclude by stating the wayforward for proper functioning of these institutions. 

Inter-State Council

Zonal Councils

Origin

The Inter-State Council is a Constitutional body established under Article 263 of the Constitution of India.

The Zonal councils are the statutory bodies established by the States Reorganisation Act of 1956.

Composition:

1. Chaired by the Prime Minister.
2. Comprises all Chief Ministers and Union Cabinet Ministers.

1. Northern, Western, Southern, Eastern, and Central Zonal Councils.
2. Comprise the Union Home Minister, Chief Ministers, and other designated officials

Functions:

1. Facilitates coordination between states and the center.
2. Addresses disputes and promotes a cohesive approach.
3. Advises on policy matters of national and regional importance.

1. Promote inter-state cooperation within specific zones.
2. Address regional issues, enhance economic and social development.
3. Serve as platforms for dispute resolution and policy coordination.

Issues affecting efficiency:

1. Infrequent Meetings: Limited sessions affect timely conflict resolution.
2. Advisory Nature: Lacks enforceable decisions, limiting its impact.
3. Political Considerations: Issues may be influenced by political dynamics, hindering impartial resolution.

1. Unequal Participation: Varying levels of commitment and participation among states.
2. Limited Enforcement Powers: Lack authority to enforce decisions, affecting compliance.
3. Resource Constraints: Inadequate resources hinder effective implementation